It has been 10 years since the chokehold death of Eric Garner at the hands of New York City police officers made “I can’t breathe” a rallying cry.

Two new studies track the effect of police violence on Black Americans.

New York’s highest court has upheld a New York City law that forbids police from using chokeholds or compressing a person’s diaphragm during an arrest.

A Michigan police officer has been charged with second-degree murder for fatally shooting Patrick Lyoya in the back of the head as the Black man was on the ground.

A suburban Minneapolis police officer who said she confused her handgun for a Taser was led away in handcuffs Thursday after a jury found her guilty of manslaughter in the death of Black motorist Daunte Wright.

Moments after former officer Derek Chauvin was convicted of murder in George Floyd’s death, copies of the original Minneapolis police statement began recirculating on social media.

Byrne, whose brother was a rookie NYPD officer when he was shot and killed in 1988, died Sunday at a Manhattan hospital after a heart attack Thursday, the police department said. Byrne defended the department in litigation over its spying on Muslims, which was uncovered in reporting by The Associated Press. He interpreted a state secrecy law in a way that shielded the disciplinary records of officers accused of brutality from public view. Bush carried his badge with him while running for the White House, and a major Justice Department grant program is named in his honor. Over the years, Lawrence Byrne and his family have testified before the state parole board, urging it not to release the men who killed his brother.

Madeline Curry attends a protest with her father outside the Minneapolis 5th Police Precinct while wearing a protective mask that reads "I CAN'T BREATHE", Saturday, May 30, 2020, in Minneapolis. Protests continued following the death of George Floyd, who died after being restrained by Minneapolis police officers on Memorial Day. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

Madeline Curry attends a protest with her father outside the Minneapolis 5th Police Precinct while wearing a protective mask that reads "I CAN'T BREATHE", Saturday, May 30, 2020, in Minneapolis. One told Floyd it takes “a lot of oxygen” to talk, while another told angry bystanders that Floyd was “talking, so he can breathe.”That reaction -- seen in police restraint deaths around the country -- is dangerously wrong, medical experts say. In the moments before he died, Floyd told police he couldn’t breathe more than 20 times. The volume of an ordinary breath is about 400 to 600 mL, but normal speech requires about 50 mL of gas per syllable, so saying the words “I can’t breathe” would require 150 mL of gas, the authors wrote. But the misperception that a talking person is able to breathe has also come up in other high-profile in-custody deaths.

Daniel Pantaleo, the New York City officer who seized Eric Garner in a deadly chokehold, had eight. Both Democratic and Republican reform bills in Congress would make officers' disciplinary records public and create a national database of allegations a shift in political will that didn't exist just a few years ago. New York legislators this week voted to repeal the law that kept officers' names secret along with specifics about complaints made against them. Chris Dunn, legal director of the New York Civil Liberties Union, rejected the notion, advanced largely by Republicans, that police disciplinary records should be kept private like medical information. Philadelphia Police Commissioner Danielle Outlaw and Mayor Jim Kenney pledged this week to publish a detailed quarterly report on complaints against city officers.

The law would allow an officer to be charged for acting with reckless disregard for someones life, causing that person's death. The bill would amend federal misconduct statutes to make it easier for courts to find officers personally liable for the violation of civil rights. The proposal would give specific subpoena power to federal civil rights prosecutors to conduct those investigations and would aid state attorneys general with conducting similar investigations. As attorney general in the Obama administration, Eric Holder frequently criticized violent police confrontations and opened a series of civil rights investigations into local law enforcement practices. The civil rights investigations often ended with court-approved consent decrees that mandated reforms.

NYPD Officer Daniel Panaleo is accused in the choking death of Eric Garner. NEW YORK - Former New York Police Department officer Daniel Pantaleo is suing New York City over his termination related to the 2014 death of Eric Garner, Pantaleo's attorney told CNN. The former officer was fired in August after being found guilty in a disciplinary trial of using a chokehold on Garner. As Pantaleo forces Garner's head into the sidewalk, Garner could be heard saying "I can't breathe. Despite the disciplinary trial, Pantaleo has avoided criminal charges in the death.

Spencer Platt/Getty Images(CNN) - New York Police Commissioner James O'Neill says he won't resign despite pressure from the Police Benevolent Association union stemming partly from the firing of an officer involved in a 2014 fatal arrest. Earlier this week, the PBA unanimously approved resolutions of no confidence in both O'Neill and Mayor Bill de Blasio. The union's 27-member delegate assembly released the resolutions on Wednesday, calling for O'Neill's resignation and asking Gov. PBA spokesman Albert O'Leary told CNN this is not the first time the union has issued a resolution of no confidence. He said the last one was against former NYPD Commissioner Ray Kelly in 2004.

(CNN) - The New York police officer accused of fatally choking Eric Garner in 2014 has been fired and will not receive his NYPD pension, Commissioner James O'Neill said Monday. "It is clear that Daniel Pantaleo can no longer effectively serve as a New York City Police officer," he said. As Pantaleo forces Garner's head into the sidewalk, Garner could be heard saying "I can't breathe. Garner's death, three weeks before the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, started the resurgence of police accountability and brought the Black Lives Matter movement to the forefront, Rev. "For over five years, the Garner family and communities across the country have waited for justice in the death of Eric Garner," New York Attorney General Letitia James said in a statement.

NEW YORK - After five years of investigations and protests, a New York City police officer has been fired for the chokehold death of an unarmed black man. Police commissioner James O'Neill announced Monday that he has fired Officer Daniel Pantaleo based on a recent recommendation of a department disciplinary judge. Pantaleo is the officer who was recorded on video wrestling Eric Garner to the ground in 2014, with his arm wrapped tightly around Garner's neck. Garner's dying words of "I can't breathe" became a flash point in a national debate over race and police use of force. Pantaleo's lawyer has said the officer used a reasonable amount of force and didn't mean to hurt Garner.

Cleared in a criminal trial, NYPD Officer Daniel Panaleo now faces an internal trial on tactics he used in the death of Eric Garner. A key question in the case remains whether Pantaleo used a chokehold, which is banned by the NYPD, against Garner. The officer denies he used the maneuver and has been on desk duty since Garner's death. "All of New York City understandably seeks closure to this difficult chapter in our City's history," Walzak said in a statement, declining further comment. Federal investigators began examining the circumstances of Garner's death in 2014, after a grand jury in New York declined to indict the Staten Island officer.

Eric Garner died in 2014 after police attempted to arrest the 43-year-old father of six for allegedly selling cigarettes illegally in Staten Island. NEW YORK - An administrative judge has recommended firing the New York City police officer accused of using a chokehold in the 2014 death of Eric Garner. The judge's findings in the disciplinary case of Officer Daniel Pantaleo were provided Friday to his lawyer and the city agency that acted as a prosecutor at his department trial. The Civilian Complaint Review Board chairman said the judge had recommended that Pantaleo be dismissed. Pantaleo denies using excessive force in arresting Garner.

Cleared in a criminal trial, NYPD Officer Daniel Panaleo now faces an internal trial on tactics he used in the death of Eric Garner. The crux of the case remains whether Pantaleo used a chokehold, which is banned by the NYPD; the officer denies he used the move. Activists and lawyers for the Civilian Complaint Review Board call the maneuver Pantaleo used on Garner an illegal chokehold. Garner's death brought the Black Lives Matter movement to the forefront in New York, with protesters marching in the streets. Five years later, Garner's death remains a fervent topic locally and on the national stage.

Eric Garner died in 2014 after police attempted to arrest the 43-year-old father of six for allegedly selling cigarettes illegally in Staten Island. (CNN) - Protesters rallied in New York Wednesday on the anniversary of the death of Eric Garner, an African American father who died after officers tried to apprehend him five years ago. Protesters demanded justice for Garner's death and called for Pantaleo and other officers to be fired, directing anger at New York Mayor Bill de Blasio. In a cell phone video, Pantaleo appeared to have Garner in a chokehold shortly before Garner died. The city's medical examiner's office ruled Garner's death a homicide in the days after his death.